作者/Author(s): Becca Wasser 

網站來源/Source: United States Studies Centre 

日期/Date: 02/29/2024 

關鍵字/Keywords: 印太戰略 

摘要：

中國的崛起和日益咄咄逼人的態勢改變了印太平洋國家對威脅的感知，迫使它們在獨立和集體防禦的基礎上形成新的安全架構。為了實現其利益和目標，美國可以在加強《 2022 年國防戰略》（NDS）中曾詳述的綜合嚇阻與遏止能力。

  • 隨著中國成為一支不可忽視的力量，印太地區秩序逐漸走向多極化。不少美國的印太地區盟友積極確保國家安全，發展本土軍事能力、加強國防工業並強化地區聯盟。 
  • 「綜合嚇阻」是2022年美國NDS的重點，旨在整合所有國家力量、地理位置和嚇阻手段。由於美國在同時應對不同威脅方面資源和能力有限，「綜合嚇阻」強調了聯盟和夥伴關係的重要性。 
  • 美國必須透過拒止和恢復能力來加強盟國的嚇阻力，同時美國與其盟友也積極發展能力、整合國防工業基礎和增強力量態勢。 
  1. 美國的盟國加大投入發展關鍵能力，以應對其與中國的潛在衝突。他們還表現出為未來行動整合部隊的意願。 
  2. 美國的國防工業基地正忙於裝備烏克蘭、以色列和台灣，並快速補充現有庫存。因此，美國的盟友必須整合其國防工業基地，增加重要物品的產量，並建立具有彈性的防禦供應鏈。 
  3. 美國可以將其作戰行動分配到印太地區的盟友中，以增強其力量。在印太地區擴大架構可以增加生存能力和彈性。美國必須與其盟友協商，獲得更多的基地訪問權，預先儲備關鍵物資，及時修理維護其船隻。
Summary: 
China's rise and increasing aggressiveness altered the threat perception of Indo-Pacific countries, forcing the formation of a new security architecture based on independent and collective defenses. To materialize its interests and objectives, the US could do more to reinforce integrated deterrence detailed in the 2022 National Defense Strategy (NDS). 
  • The regional order in the Indo-Pacific region is currently multipolar, as China has become a force to reckon with. Some US regional allies have become more active in ensuring security by developing indigenous military capabilities, reinforcing domestic defense industries, and strengthening regional alliances. 
  • Integrated deterrence is the focus of the 2022 NDS. It seeks to integrate all instruments of national power, geography, and spectrum of threats. Since the US has limited resources and capabilities to address all threats simultaneously, it emphasizes the importance of alliances and partnerships. 
  • The US must fortify its allies' deterrence by denial and resilience abilities, especially in developing capabilities, integrating the defense industrial base, and enhancing force posture. The US and its allies made progress in these areas. ​​​​​​​
  1. US allies have invested more in developing key capabilities to fight a potential conflict with China. They also showed a willingness to integrate their forces for future operations. 
  2. The US defense industrial base is occupied with equipping Ukraine, Israel, and Taiwan and replenishing its dwindling stocks. Therefore, US allies must integrate their defense industrial base to increase the output of priority items and build a resilient defense supply chain. 
  3. The US distributes its operations across its Indo-Pacific allies to enhance its force posture. A greater network of bases in the region allows for greater survivability and resiliency. The US must negotiate with its allies to gain more base access, pre-position critical supplies, and repair or maintain its ships. 
 
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