作者/Author(s): Varsha Koduvayur and Peter Chin 

網站來源/Source: Foreign Policy 

日期/Date: 11/06/2023 

關鍵字/Keywords: Irregular Warfare

摘要：

哈瑪斯對以色列的襲擊，表明了非正規戰爭的影響和重要性，這讓以色列政府感到驚訝並陷入困境。雖然非正規戰爭的概念和定義尚不明確，但它具有明確的特徵：無法在常規軍事衝突取得成功的行為體，利用不對稱、多維和間接手段來實現他想要的預期結果。 

哈瑪斯的非正規戰爭： 

  • 實例 ​​​​​​​
  1. 同時發動海陸空攻擊，以擊倒以色列國防軍。 
  2. 綁架人質，可能用作人盾。
  3. 公布巴勒斯坦平民傷亡情況，引起全球對以色列的批評。 
  4. 把隧道當成物流路線進行移動和攻擊。 
  • 哈馬斯在以色列情報機構的密切關注下，進行準備並訓練攻擊，目的是煽動以色列反擊，並幫助伊朗阻止以色列和沙烏地阿拉伯關係的正常化。 
  • 哈馬斯獨闢蹊徑，將現有的非正規戰術融入其中，取得了巨大的戰略成果。由於哈馬斯手中沒有先進的武器和平台，他們並不直接攻擊安全部隊，而是透過間接手段造成破壞。 
哈馬斯非正規戰爭的經驗教訓
  • 高科技裝備並不總能保證優勢；低科技裝備如果使用得當，也能勝過先進的防禦手段。 
  • 若能用高度協調的方式執行低科技創新、方法、戰術和能力，也可以產生致命和有效的效果。 
  • 非正規戰爭的實踐者最終學會了如何壓制目標之能力，或削弱他們的目標優勢，以實現暫時的戰略優勢。 
  • 國家行動者必須預先開發和維護非軍事選項，以對抗不規則戰爭的情況。 
烏克蘭利用不對稱手段成功地保衛了自己，反擊俄羅斯。哈馬斯成功實施了非正規戰爭，這意味著非正規戰爭將在未來衝突中發揮決定性作用。台灣作為俄烏衝突的重要觀察者，可以進一步探索不對稱戰爭的概念，以抵禦中國的攻擊。
Summary: 
Hamas's attack on Israel demonstrates the impact and importance of irregular warfare, which surprised the Israeli government and put it in a predicament. Although the concept and definition of irregular warfare are unclear, it has definitive characteristics: the utilization of asymmetric, multidimensional, and indirect means to achieve a desired result by an actor that lacks the means to succeed in a conventional military conflict. 
 Hamas's Irregular Warfare: 
  • Examples: ​​​​​​​
  1. Simultaneous land, sea, and air attacks to overwhelm the IDF.
  2. Abducted hostages to use as possible human shields. 
  3. Publicized Palestinian civilian casualties to invoke global criticism of Israel. 
  4. Used a network of tunnels as a logistical route to move and conduct attacks. ​​​​​​​
  • Hamas prepared and trained for the attack under the keen eyes of Israeli intelligence agencies, aiming to incite Israel's counteroffensive and help Iran stop the normalization of relations between Israel and Saudi Arabia. 
  • Hamas uniquely incorporated existing irregular tactics to achieve great strategic gains. As Hamas does not have advanced weapons and platforms at its disposal, they avoid direct attack on security forces and inflict damage through indirect means. 
Lessons from Hamas's Irregular Warfare 
  • High-tech equipment does not always guarantee an advantage; low-tech equipment can outperform advanced defenses if used effectively. 
  • Using low-tech innovation, methods, tactics, and capabilities in a highly coordinated manner can be lethal and effective. 
  • Irregular warfare practitioners eventually learn to subdue their target's capabilities or blunt their target's edge to achieve temporary strategic advantage. 
  • State actors must preemptively develop and maintain non-military options to respond against irregular warfare scenarios. 
Ukraine has used asymmetric means to defend itself and attack Russian targets successfully. Hamas's successful implementation of irregular warfare means irregular warfare will be definitive in future conflicts. Taiwan, a keen observer of the Ukrainian conflict, can explore the concept of asymmetric warfare further to fend itself against Chinese attacks. 
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