WotR: 精準的轟炸：將精準性做為核心來考慮如何擴大彈藥儲備 (Part 1) 

作者/Author(s): Trevor Phillips-Levine, Andrew Tenbusch, Walker D. Mills, Dylan "Joose" Phillips-Levine, and Collin Fox 

原文來源/Source: War on the Rocks 

日期/Date: 01/25/2023 

主題/Key Topics: Military, Drone Warfare, Future of War 

摘要:

雖然西方向烏克蘭提供了許多彈藥，但有些商用無人機或經過改裝可攜帶普通步兵彈藥的四旋翼系統引起了人們的關注。這些無人機在現代戰場上很有影響力，因為它們價格低廉、難以被擊敗，並且可以精確地運送小型彈藥。現代的精確彈藥在生產過程中需要先進的半導體和材料，並且可以通過反彈藥反制措施摧毀，因此比非導引型的彈藥更難補充。烏克蘭成功地將平價的商用無人機與非導引型炸彈結合起來，這讓他的彈藥能媲美精確炸彈的效能。五角大樓可以趁這個機會，重新審視其對需要複雜投射程序之精確導引0彈藥的要求。或者，五角大樓可以使用精確度良好的非導引彈藥，並將它們與精確導引系統或其他運載方式結合起來。 

精準度很重要 
  • 各國將精確彈藥視為強大的力量和威望，因為精確度高的彈藥可以極大地威脅敵對勢力。因此，各國也會通過不同方式，例如本土生產或外國採購以獲得精確彈藥。 
  • 導引彈藥放寬了系統的下設標準，使系統與目標的距離更大，而且還顯著提高了命中率。 
  • 各國追求導引彈藥或可轉向彈藥以提高武器精度。 
  • 各國還投資了安裝在非制導彈頭上的精確導引套件，因為它們相對便宜並且不需要重新設計新武器。 
  • 空軍認為他們可以精確地投送有效載荷，同時以令人滿意的風險運作。制導炸彈可以減輕飛行員或投彈手的認知負荷，從而降低風險。 
Summary:  
Although the West provided Ukraine with many munitions, some commercial drones or quadcopter systems modified to carry common infantry munitions attracted some attention. These drones were influential in the modern battlefield because they are inexpensive, hard to defeat, and can deliver small munitions precisely. Current precision munitions require advanced semiconductors and materials during production and can be destroyed with anti-munition countermeasures, thus making it more difficult to replenish than unguided munitions. Ukraine successfully integrates cheap commercial drones with unguided bombs to match the effectiveness of precision bombs. Therefore, the Pentagon can reexamine its requirement for precision-guided munitions, which require complex targetting and delivering systems. Alternatively, the Pentagon can use unguided munitions with good precision and integrate them with precision guidance kits or other delivery methods. 

Precision matters 
  • States equate precision munitions with great power and prestige because they can greatly threaten their opposition. Thus, states seek to acquire precision munitions through indigenous production or foreign purchases. 
  • Guided munitions loosen the system's release conditions and give the system a larger distance away from the target. They also increase the hit ratio significantly.  
  • Countries pursue guided or steerable munitions to increase weapons precision.  
  • Countries also invest in precision guidance kits mounted on unguided warheads because they are relatively cheap and do not require a redesign of a new weapon.
  • The air force concluded they could deliver payloads precisely while operating at satisfactory risks. Guided bombs can alleviate cognitive loads on pilots or bombardiers, thus reducing risks. 
回上層