FP:烏克蘭無人機戰爭，雖便宜但卻致命(Part 1) 

作者/Author(s): Faine Greenwood 

原文來源/Source: Foreign Policy 

日期/Date: 02/16/2023 

主題/Key Topics: Drones, Future of War 

摘要:

俄烏戰爭是使用小型商業無人機進行戰爭的一個大型試驗場。作者假設烏克蘭無人機愛好者和技術專家會利用他們對小型DIY消費型無人機(空拍機)的知識來協助戰爭工作。因此，作者決定透過監測社交媒體渠道和新聞網路來收集數據，記錄戰爭期間小型無人機的使用情況。

中國製造無人機佔據市場主導地位： 

  • 烏克蘭和俄羅斯在行動中主要使用大疆無人機。   
  • 大疆是一家中國無人機製造公司，最初他們專注於製造用於空拍的無人機，但他們的產品現在已經很成熟，價格合理，而且易於操作。 
  • 大疆的無人機，特別是現今流行的Mavic系列，特色是可摺疊、很輕巧而且容易獲得。
  • 它們可以透過遠程的設定，限制它們只能在特定的領土區域內操作。 
  • 烏克蘭戰爭中使用的其他四旋翼飛機也是中國製造。烏克蘭的無人機愛好者組織Aerorozvidka協助烏克蘭軍隊製造了一些訂製的無人機。雖然有報導說有美國和歐洲捐贈的無人機，但作者還沒有觀察到它們的用途。 
 

烏克蘭和俄羅斯的無人機戰爭： 

  • 雙方都有在無人機行業有經驗或愛好的民間人士志願飛行無人機、提供培訓和支援，甚至協助購買無人機。 
  • 大多數的無人機和零件都是由中國生產，但烏克蘭和俄羅斯要取得這些零件都很困難。他們現在在境外獲得的二手無人機，主要都是通過民眾捐贈。由於大疆無人機被明確視為軍事技術，在被制裁的情況下，俄羅斯在很難取得無人機。 
  • 雙方都有與政府合作採購消費型無人機和其他零件，或培訓無人機飛行員的募捐者和捐贈者。 
 
Summary: 
The Russo-Ukraine War is a larger testing ground for using small commercial drones for warfare. The author assumed Ukrainian drone enthusiasts and technology experts would use their knowledge of small DIY consumer drones to assist the war efforts. Thus, the author decided to record the usage of small drones during the war by collecting data by monitoring social media channels and news networks. 

China-made drones dominate the market: 
  • Ukraine and Russia used DJI drones primarily in their operation.  
  • DJI is a Chinese drone hobby company initially focused on making drones for aerial photos, but their products are now sophisticated, affordable, and easy to operate. 
  • DJI drones, especially the popular Mavic series, are foldable, light, and easily available. 
  • They can be remotely geofenced, limiting their operation to their territory only. 
  • Other quadcopters used in the Ukrainian War were also made in China. Aerorozvidka, Ukraine's drone hobbyist organization which assisted the Ukrainian Army, built some custom-built drones. Although there are reports of drones donated from the US and Europe, the author has yet to observe their uses. 
Ukraine's and Russia's volunteer drone war. 
  • Civilians with experience or hobbies in the drone industry from both sides volunteered to fly the drones, provide training and support, or procure drones. 
  • China produces most drones and components, but Ukraine and Russia face difficulties obtaining them. However, they could get second-hand drones outside their borders, mostly through donations. As DJI drones are explicitly considered military technology, Russia is disadvantaged in acquiring drones because it is sanctioned. 
  • There are fundraisers and donations on both sides that collaborated with the government to procure consumer drones and other components or to train drone pilots. 
 
回上層