作者/Author(s): Mark Montgomery and John Hardle 

網站來源/Source: Foreign Policy 

日期/Date: 12/04/2024 

關鍵字/Keywords: 外交、普丁、川普、戰爭終止 

摘要:

普丁對烏克蘭的要求絲毫沒有退讓的跡象—要求割讓部分領土給俄羅斯、放棄加入北約的希望、去軍事化,以及更換現任政府,顯示他有信心打贏這場戰爭。如果川普想要居中調解俄烏和平協議,他必須先確保烏克蘭擁有足夠的談判籌碼,同時還要削弱俄羅斯的談判地位,才能建立長期和平。

當前戰爭狀態 

  • 普丁的目標是延續俄羅斯帝國主義傳統,奪回烏克蘭領土,將烏克蘭留在俄羅斯勢力範圍內,並重組歐洲安全架構 
  • 雖然俄羅斯很難維持長期打仗,但烏克蘭在人力和物資上的短缺更為嚴重 
  • 儘管進展緩慢,俄羅斯還在持續前進,一步一步摧毀烏克蘭的重要基礎設施 
  • 西方支持烏克蘭的決心正在減弱,助長了普丁提出更多要求的信心,甚至破壞烏克蘭的長期安全
  • 如果美國強迫烏克蘭接受普丁的協議,可能會間接鼓勵中國入侵台灣或攻擊其他鄰國 
川普能做甚麼 
  • 西方必須幫助烏克蘭扭轉局勢,確保其能從更有利的位置上談判桌 
  • 第一步是穩定烏克蘭前線與基礎設施。川普可以延續拜登的政策,捐贈美國現有的武器庫存,並根據烏克蘭安全援助計劃提供新武器 
  • 川普必須確保美國對烏克蘭的援助不會終止,並施壓歐洲夥伴,敦促他們也提供更多援助予烏克蘭 
  • 川普應該維持美國允許烏克蘭使用美製飛彈打擊俄羅斯的決定,並提供必要支持。川普甚至可以考慮取消對烏克蘭使用美國飛彈的任何限制
  • 川普應遊說中東產油國增加產量,確保全球能源供應穩定,達到削減俄羅斯的能源收入並打擊其經濟結構的目的 
  • 川普應擴大執行次級制裁,防止俄羅斯規避石油價格上限,同時壓低石油價格上限,以限制俄羅斯的收入 
Summary: 
Putin shows no sign of backing down from his demands for Ukraine: surrendering some territories to Russia, renouncing its NATO membership hopes, demilitarizing, and replacing the current ruling government, demonstrating his confidence in winning the war. If Trump wants to mediate a peace deal successfully, he must first ensure Ukraine has the leverage while reducing Russia's bargaining position to establish a long peace.  
The Current State of War 
  • Putin aims to continue Russia's imperialist traditions, reclaiming Ukraine's territories, keeping Ukraine within Russia's sphere of influence, and reorganizing the European security structure. 
  • Although Russia had problems sustaining the war, Ukraine's shortages of manpower and materiel were worse than Russia's. 
  • Despite slow, Russia is advancing and destroying critical Ukrainian infrastructures. 
  • The West's resolve to support Ukraine is deteriorating, boosting Putin's confidence to make maximalist demands that would undermine Ukraine's long-term security.
  • If the US pressures Ukraine to accept Putin's deal, it may compel China to invade Taiwan or attack other neighbors. 
What Trump could do? 
  • The West must help Ukraine turn the tide and ensure it can negotiate from a stronger position. 
  • The first step is ensuring Ukraine stabilizes its fronts and defends its infrastructure. Trump could continue Biden's initiative to donate weapons from the US's current inventory and provide new ones under the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative. 
  • Trump must ensure the US's assistance to Ukraine does not expire and compel his European partners to do the same or contribute more. 
  • Trump should retain the US's decision to allow Ukraine to strike targets inside Russia using US-supplied missiles and give the necessary support. Trump can also consider removing any restrictions on Ukraine's use of US missiles. 
  • Trump should also persuade Middle East oil producers to ramp up production to ensure a stable global energy supply, which would cut Russia's energy revenue and damage its economy. 
  • Trump should expand its enforcement of secondary sanctions to stop Russia from bypassing the oil cap and reduce the price cap to constrict Russia's income.