作者/Author(s): Heather A. Conley and Bonnie S. Glaser 

網站來源/Source: Foreign Policy 

日期/Date: 11/11/2024 

關鍵字/Keywords: 防衛、國家韌力


摘要：
台灣民眾過去學習生存技能，主要是為了應對自然災害。但在2022年俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭後，台灣民眾對這類課程的興趣激增，他們希望為可能發生的中國入侵做好準備。隨著全球安全環境日益惡化，民主政府在展示公共信心，努力應對挑戰時，也需避免引起民眾焦慮。民主國家必須關注國家及集體的韌性，特別是當惡意行為者可能利用各領域的弱點削弱其治權時，這一點非常重要。 
  • 民主國家之間可以互相學習。北約韌性委員會是一個諮詢機構，負責監督、發展和協調國家在面對災難和混合攻擊時的韌性計畫。 
  • 美國及其印太地區的盟友，還有台灣，可以學習北約的全民韌性策略以及烏克蘭的做法。
  • 台灣的應變計劃與北約相似，可以互相分享資訊、學習最佳作法，以及瞭解俄羅斯和中國不斷變化的混合策略，從中獲益。 
  • 私營部門在確保台灣韌性方面可發揮關鍵作用。
  1. 能源是最脆弱的領域之一。俄羅斯曾攻擊烏克蘭的能源基礎設施，而中國也曾進行封鎖演習，限制台灣的能源供應。私營部門可通過網路防禦和保護能源基礎設施，協助政府提高能源韌性。 
  2. 海底電纜是另一個可能中斷全球金融與通訊網路的關鍵弱點。惡意行為者可能會切斷海底電纜，偽裝\成意外事故。私營部門可投資低地球軌道衛星和其他技術，改善台灣的通訊韌性。 
  3. 私營部門可以傳授急救技能給民眾，在衝突時救助傷者。 
  • 然而，如果台灣政府能將高層私營企業代表，納入其國防韌性諮詢委員會，並進行沙盤推演，將更具成效。
  • 此外，台灣政府也從他國政府和私營部門的社會韌性計畫中汲取經驗。 

Summary: 
Taiwanese learn survival skills to prepare for natural disasters. Public interest in these courses surged after Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022 as they wanted to prepare for a possible Chinese invasion. As the world faces a more dangerous security environment, democratic governments struggle to show public confidence through preparation while avoiding instilling anxiety. Democracies must pay attention to national and collective resilience, especially when malignant actors could exploit vulnerabilities across various sectors to undermine their governance. 
  • Democracies could learn from one another. NATO's Resilience Committee is an advisory board that oversees, develops, and coordinates national resilience programs for disaster and hybrid attacks.
  • The US, its Indo-Pacific allies, and Taiwan could learn from NATO's whole-of-society resilience and Ukraine's current approaches.  
  • Taiwan's resiliency plans are similar to those of NATO. Taiwan and NATO members could mutually benefit from sharing information, learning best practices, and understanding the evolving tactics of Russian and Chinese hybrid activities. 
  • The private sector could play a critical role in ensuring Taiwan's resilience. 
  1. Energy is one of the most vulnerable sectors. Russia attacked Ukraine's energy infrastructure, and China conducted blockade exercises to limit Taiwan's access to energy supplies. The private sector could help the government increase energy resilience through cyber-defense and protecting energy infrastructure.
  2. Undersea cables are another critical vulnerability that could disrupt global finance and communication networks. Malignant actors could sever undersea cables while claiming the incidents as accidents. The private sector could invest in low-earth-orbiting satellites and other technologies to improve Taiwan's communication resilience. 
  3. The private sector could train civilians in first-aid skills, allowing them to help the wounded during a conflict. 
  • However, the Taiwanese government could benefit from including high-level private actors in their defense resilience advisory council and conducting tabletop exercises with them. 
  • The Taiwan government could also learn from the societal resilience programs of overseas governments and private actors. 
 
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