作者/Author(s): Vivek Chilukuri 

網站來源/Source: Foreign Policy 

日期/Date: 10/24/2024 

關鍵字/Keywords: 科技、美中、進出口


摘要：
由於中國可能利用駭入美國車輛的軟硬體漏洞，進行監控活動。拜登政府欲立法禁止中國技術智慧車輛進口和銷售。此法案雖然可以保護美國國家安全，但也讓美國走向與中國技術脫鉤的道路。

一些問題： 
  • 政府缺乏一致的風險緩解機制，導致其他可能使用中國相關技術的產業變成潛在目標。 
  • 中國也可能對美國的進口產品採取報復性限制措施，以反制美國濫用行政權力。
  • 該禁令也限制了美國其他貿易夥伴的出口，導致他們無法在美國銷售汽車，在經濟成本增加的同時，雙邊關係也更加緊張。 
對當前方法的批評： 
  • 美國的立法旨在減緩個人安全、數據和關鍵基礎設施的風險。它提供了一個潛在框架來識別需要限制的技術，但限制的範圍仍過於廣泛。 
  • 由於科技產品迅速普及，美國消費者和企業數量大量暴露於網路攻擊風險中，美國需要盡快制定更明確和可討論的機制。
  • 中國是美國數位產品的最大出口國，兩國的互賴程度高。如果美國政府對中國產品進行大範圍禁令，消費者可能要付出巨大的代價。 
  • 更理性的做法是制定明確且一致的戰略指導方針，區分可接受和不可接受的風險。然而，美國政府有濫用權力的可能性，不管產品的實際風險，皆以國家安全為名禁止進口。 
未來發展方向： 
  • 美國政府必須接受事實，如果全面禁止中國技術，可能會導致供應鏈中斷和中國的報復。
  •  美國應定義構成不可接受威脅的進口產品，並協助消費者改用更安全的替代品。
  • 此外，美國也應針對特定用戶實施限制，明確規範中國軟硬體的使用對象和範圍。​​​​​​​
Summary: 
As China may exploit hardware and software loopholes to hijack or hack vehicles in the US and conduct surveillance operations, the Biden administration introduced legislation banning the import and sale of smart vehicles using Chinese technologies. The legislation may protect the US's national security, but it also puts the US on the path of decoupling from Chinese technologies. 
Some problems: 
  • The administration did not have coherent risk mitigation mechanisms as other industries may use Chinese-linked technologies, making them potential targets.
  • China could also introduce retaliatory restrictions on US imports to counter the US abuse of executive powers. 
  • The ban also restricts exports from other US trade partners from selling cars in the US, increasing the economic costs on them and straining bilateral relations. 
Criticisms on current approaches: 
  • The US's legislation aims to reduce personal safety, personal data, and critical infrastructure risks. It provides a potential framework to identify technologies that require restriction, but it is still too broad. 
  • The US needs more defined and defensible mechanisms soon because technological goods proliferate quickly, exposing US consumers and businesses to increased risk of cyberattacks. 
  • The US is deeply entangled with Chinese technologies because China is the largest exporter of digital goods to the US. If the US government introduces an extensive ban on Chinese products, it may inflict significant costs on its consumers. 
  • A more rational approach is to devise definite and consistent guidelines on acceptable and unacceptable risks. However, the US government has shown a tendency to abuse its power in the name of national security, banning products regardless of the actual risk that they pose.
Moving Forward: 
  • The US government must accept the fact that a blanket ban on Chinese technologies may result in supply chain disruptions and retaliation from China. 
  • The US should define the imports that pose unacceptable threats and help consumers change to more secure alternatives. 
  • The US also should implement user-specific restrictions, limiting who and where Chinese hardware and software could be used. 
 
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