作者/Author(s): Randy Schriver, Dan Blumenthal, and Josh young 

網站來源/Source: Foreign Policy 

日期/Date: 06/17/2024 

關鍵字/Keywords: 經濟

摘要：

美國需要明確的戰略和領導力，才能在新冷戰中與中國競爭。除制裁外，美國的經濟戰略也含糊不清或前後不一，而中國則有明確的技術和產業政策來推進其經濟、軍事和外交野心。不管是拜登還是川普，即將上任的美國總統都應該回顧雷根冷戰時期的經濟政策，才能與中國競爭。 

  • 雷根在其國家安全決策指令（NSDDs）中將蘇聯視為威脅，並制定全面戰略，在政治、軍事、經濟和外交領域與蘇聯展開競爭。 
  • 川普和拜登改變了對華政策，實施關稅、出口和投資管制，然而做法過於狹隘，可能無法在與中國的戰略競爭中獲勝。 
  • 美國政府不應該太過狹隘，而是應該制定一個涵蓋軍事、經濟和外交等的總體戰略，才能與中國競爭，保護自身經濟，減少中國對全球經濟的影響，防止中國進一步的經濟掠奪行為。 
  • 美國在成為中國不公平貿易和工業行為的受害者之後，應優先考慮自身經濟安全，在出口管制、雙邊貿易以及未來與中國正常貿易的定義方面制定明確的指導方針。 
  • 美國也該動員其法律體系，在現有行為的基礎上追究中國故意的責任。 
  • 美國應積極攜手盟友和合作夥伴創建新的全球經濟中心，最大程度地擴大美國與友好國家的經濟往來，打擊中國的經濟影響力。
  • 美國國際開發總署（USAID）和美國國際開發金融公司（DFC）可以為中美競爭中的關鍵受援國提供更多支持，同時確保美國外援能獲得一定的回報。
Summary: 
The US needs a clear strategy and leadership to compete with China in the new Cold War. Apart from sanctions, the US economic statecraft was vague or inconsistent, while China had unambiguous technology and industrial policies to advance its economy, military, and diplomatic ambitions. The incoming US president, regardless of Biden or Trump, should review Reagan's Cold War economic policy to compete with China. 
  • In Reagan's National Security Decision Directives (NSDDs), he targeted the Soviet Union as a threat. Subsequently, the Reagan administration devised a comprehensive strategy to compete with the Soviet Union across political, military, economic, and diplomatic domains. 
  • Trump and Biden changed their engagement policies toward China by implementing tariffs and export and investment controls. However, the US is too narrow in its approach and may not win in a strategic competition with China. 
  • Instead of going for a narrow approach, the US government should devise a dedicated strategy across all spectrums of military, economic, and diplomacy to compete with China, protect its economy, decrease the harm of Chinese influence on the global economy, and prevent further Chinese economic predation. 
  • The US government should prioritize US economic security after falling victim to China's unfair trade and industrial practices by having clear guidelines on export controls, bilateral trade, and the definition of future normal trade with China. 
  • The US should also mobilize its legal system to hold Chinese malign actors accountable by building on existing acts. 
  • The US should proactively create new global economic centers with its allies and partners to maximize the US economic engagement with friendly countries and combat China's economic influence. 
  • The USAID and DFC could provide more support to recipient countries that are key to the US-China competition while ensuring the US could receive a return on its investment. 
回上層