作者/Author(s): Faine Greenwood 

網站來源/Source: Foreign Policy 

日期/Date: 01/15/2025 

關鍵字/Keywords: 科技、無人機、大疆 


摘要：
全球知名的中國商業無人機製造商大疆（DJI）宣布將關閉地理圍欄（Geofences）功能，這意味著未來大疆用戶可以操控無人機飛入政府限制區域，如機場和軍事基地。 
  • 過去，大疆無人機內建的軟體會阻止無人機進入某些禁飛區域。
  • 然而，大疆現在將這些禁飛區改為加強警告區，與美國聯邦航空總署（FAA） 規定的區域保持一致。未來，大疆會透過應用程式內的警告通知用戶已經太過接近禁飛區，但是否進入這些區域將由使用者自行負責。 
  • 大疆此舉符合美國法律，甚至遵守了美國的遠端識別（Remote ID） 要求，將執法責任重新交由 美國聯邦航空總署管理。 
  • 儘管美國政策制定者針對中國製無人機的禁令爭論不休，但目前美國與歐洲市場仍缺乏能夠替代中國製無人機的產品，大疆也沒有從美國市場撤出的跡象。 
  • 許多美國人懷疑此舉是大疆與北京政府發起的政治博弈，旨在試探美國政府會否全面禁止中國製無人機與相關技術。這場較勁似乎是一場「懦夫賽局」，看美國是否會真正落實禁令，還是會因為大疆在全球市場的主導地位而退縮。
  • 目前，美國和歐洲公司正競相研發能與大疆抗衡的商業無人機，但仍面臨諸多挑戰。 
  1. 美國和歐洲製無人機造價遠比大疆的昂貴。如果美國禁止中國製造的無人機，執法機關、軍方、以及負擔得起昂貴售價的企業仍可使用無人機，但其他行業的用戶可能難以承受無人機的高昂成本。 
  2. 大疆的用戶可以購買或改裝無人機，滿足不同任務需求，而西方的無人機可能無法提供這樣的服務。 
  • 禁止中國製造的商業無人機可能有利於美國國家安全，但也可能導致更多使用不受管制的無人機，執法部門無法追蹤。此外，消防員與工業等領域，已經使用無人機來安全地執行危險任務，限制其使用可能會使他們面臨風險。 
Summary: 
DJI, a globally prominent Chinese commercial drone maker, declared it would turn off geofences. This means that DJI drone users can now fly their drones into government-restricted areas, such as airports and military bases. 
  • Previously, DJI drones had software that stopped them from taking off or flying into certain restricted areas.
  • However, DJI will change the warnings of no-fly zones to "enhanced warning zones, aligning with the FAA's designated areas." After the shift, DJI will warn its users through an in-app alert, putting the responsibility of flying the drones on the users. 
  • DJI's action conforms to U.S. regulations and even complies with the U.S.'s Remote ID mandate. It also returns the enforcement responsibility to the FAA. 
  • Although U.S. policymakers debated the need for a ban on Chinese-manufactured drones for years, there are no viable American or European replacements for Chinese-made commercial drones, and there are no signs of DJI's withdrawal from the U.S. market either. 
  • Americans suspect DJI's recent action was a political gambit initiated by the company and the Beijing government. The move seems like a game of chicken to see whether the U.S. will follow through with a blanket ban on Chinese drones or technologies. DJI anticipates U.S. lawmakers will chicken out after understanding the company's global market dominance. 
  • The U.S. and European companies are racing to produce commercial drones like DJI, but several issues exist. 
  1. U.S. and European-made drones are significantly more expensive than DJI's. If the U.S. bans Chinese-made drones, it will limit the availability of drones to law enforcement, the military, and those who can afford expensive Western-made drones while leaving users in other industries behind. 
  2. DJI users could purchase or modify their drones to suit their requirements, which Western drones may not provide. 
  • Banning Chinese-made commercial drones may benefit U.S. national security, but it may also lead to increased use of unregulated drones that law enforcement cannot track. Furthermore, workers, especially firefighters, have used drones to perform dangerous tasks safely, and restricting their use may expose them to risks. 
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