DW：烏克蘭鐵路將會變成關鍵因素嗎?

 

作者/Author(s): Thomas Latschan 

原文來源/Source:  Deutsche Welle, DW 德國之聲 

日期/Date: 05/06/2022 

主題/Key Topics : Railroad, logistics 

摘要:

在俄烏衝突中，鐵路運輸對兩方的戰事至關重要。Ukrazliznytsia 是烏克蘭的國家鐵路公司，也是烏克蘭最重要的物流供應商，其鐵路至少跨越 22,000 公里。但是，烏克蘭擁有的龐大高速公路網中有許多公路狀況不佳，不適合運輸大件貨物。 

鐵路對烏克蘭的重要性： 

  • Ukrazliznytsia 從東方運送軍事物資、疏散難民、運送外國客人到基輔以及在戰爭期間出口貨物方面至關重要。 
  • 俄羅斯軍隊轟炸和破壞烏國鐵路和基礎設施，以阻礙其後勤補給工作。但龐大的網絡提供了其他選擇，而且工作人員可以迅速修復它。 
  • Ukrazliznytsia將其權力下放，給予線路經理不通過官僚機構就能維修鐵路的權力，以確保順利運營。 
  • 然而，烏克蘭鐵路設施不斷面臨飛彈襲擊，危及鐵路員工安全，鐵路時刻表需要自發修改。 

鐵路對俄羅斯的重要性： 
  • 俄羅斯一直依靠鐵路運輸地面部隊、裝備和物資。 
  • 俄羅斯自入侵之初就一直想控制烏克蘭的鐵路系統，特別是針對主要城市附近的鐵路系統。但因為遭受到了烏國軍隊的強烈抵抗而終告失敗。 
  • 烏克蘭軍隊和白俄羅斯鐵路運營商甚至切斷了俄羅斯和白俄羅斯之間的聯繫，以阻止俄羅斯的軍隊重新部署。 
  • 俄羅斯無力控制鐵路，阻礙了補給和整個戰爭工作。 
  • 俄羅斯軍隊被困在基輔泥濘的郊區後，放棄了地面運輸。 
  • 因為俄羅斯無法控制烏克蘭的鐵路系統，他們現在可能會採取烏國鐵路以阻止來自西方的武器運輸。 
 
Summary: 
The role of railway transport is crucial for both Ukraine and Russia in the Russian-Ukraine conflict. Ukrazliznytsia, Ukraine’s national rail company, is Ukraine’s most vital logistics provider, spanning 22,000 km. Although Ukraine has a vast network of highways, many are in poor condition and unsuitable for transporting bulky materials. 

 

Importance for Ukraine: 

  • Ukrazliznytsia is crucial in delivering military supplies from the east, evacuating refugees, transporting foreign guests to Kyiv, and exporting goods during the war. 
  • Russia’s forces bombed or sabotaged the railway and infrastructure to impede Ukraine’s resupply effort, but the vast network provides other alternatives, and the staff can repair it rapidly. 
  • Ukrazliznytsia decentralized its command structure, giving route managers authority to repair the rail without going through the bureaucracy to ensure smooth operations. 
  • However, Ukrainian railway facilities face constant rocket attacks, endangering railway employees, and the rail schedule needs to be revised spontaneously. 

Importance for Russia 
  • Russia has consistently relied on the railway to transport its ground forces, equipment, and supplies.
  • Russia has consistently relied on the railway to transport its ground forces, equipment, and supplies.
  • The Ukrainian army and Belarussian rail operators even crippled links between Russia and Belarus to stop Russia’s troop redeployment. 
  • Russia’s inability to control the railway hinders resupply and the overall war efforts. 
  • The Russian army abandoned ground transportation after being stuck in Kyiv’s muddy outskirts. 
  • Since Russia cannot control Ukraine’s railway system, it may now destroy it to stop weapons shipments from the West. 
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